Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. So, if there is some problem with my computer, be it hardware or software, what are the major log files and where are they located? In that directory, there are specific files for each type of logs. For example, system logs, such as kernel activities are logged in syslog file.
In directory apt there is a file history. You can open this file to see this very interesting file. In directory dist-upgrade there is a file apt. In directory installer the log files which are created during installation can be found. There is an apport. The file auth. The file dpkg. You might be aware that the apt system depends on dpkg for package installation and removal.
Another important log file is Xorg. Some other types of Log files may be there depending on your installed packages. For example, My system also includes a log files epoptes. This file enumerates all logs including kernel, boot and application logs and provides required logs via journalctl utility.
If you run PHP with error and warning messages disabled, this can be your only way to identify bugs. If you need to solve a printing issue in Ubuntu, this log may be a good place to start. Rootkit Hunter Log The Rootkit Hunter utility rkhunter checks your Ubuntu system for backdoors, sniffers and rootkits, which are all signs of compromise of your system. This log is helpful for diagnosing issues with your X11 environment. This command will show the users currently logged in to your machine: who System Logging Daemon syslogd The system logging daemon syslogd , also known as sysklogd , awaits logging messages from numerous sources and routes the messages to the appropriate file or network destination.
Messages logged to syslogd usually contain common elements like system hostnames and time-stamps in addition to the specific log information. Each entry in this file consists of two fields, the selector and the action. The selector field specifies a facility to be logged, such as for example the auth facility which deals with authorization, and a priority level to log such information at, such as info , or warning.
The action field consists of a target for the log information, such as a standard log file i. Echoing Messages to syslogd With Logger A neat utility exists in the logger tool, which allows one to place messages into the System Log i.
Boo Hoo. So, as you can see, we received the messages both via standard error, at the terminal prompt, and they also appear in our syslog. What are these log files? They are 'rotated' log files. That is, they have automatically been renamed after a predefined time-frame, and a new original log started. After even more time the log files are compressed with the gzip utility as in the case of the example daemon.
The purpose of log rotation is to archive and compress old logs so that they consume less disk space, but are still available for inspection as needed. Display numbers start at zero, so your first display display 0 will log to Xorg. The next display display 1 would log to Xorg. Not all log files are designed to be read by humans. Some were made to be parsed by applications. Below are some of examples. To view currently logged in users, use the who command. This is not an exhaustive list!
There is also a longer list here. Otherwise, it will be under the name System Log. The log viewer has a simple interface. The sidebar on the left shows a list of open log files, with the contents of the currently selected file displayed on the right.
The log viewer not only displays but also monitors log files for changes. The bold text as seen in the screenshot above indicates new lines that have been logged after opening the file. Clicking on the cog at the top right of the window will open a menu allowing you to change some display settings, as well as open and close log files. There is also a magnifying glass icon to the right of the cog that allows you to search within the currently selected log file.
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